What Are Varicose Veins? A Guide to Symptoms and Treatments by Type

Varicose veins—those twisted, bulging veins often seen on the legs—are a common yet frequently misunderstood condition. While they are often considered a cosmetic issue, they can signal deeper circulatory problems that require attention. If you’re struggling with varicose veins or simply want to learn more about how to treat them, you’ve come to the right place.

What Are Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins are swollen, enlarged veins that often appear on the legs and feet. They occur when the valves inside the veins become weakened or damaged, preventing blood from flowing in the correct direction. This leads to blood pooling in the veins, causing them to stretch and become visible under the skin.

Though they are more common in women, varicose veins can affect anyone. Factors like age, genetics, pregnancy, and standing or sitting for long periods can contribute to the development of these veins. While the condition is usually not life-threatening, it can be uncomfortable and, in some cases, lead to more serious health issues if not treated promptly.

Common Symptoms of Varicose Veins

The symptoms of varicose veins can range from mild to severe, and they often become more pronounced over time. The most common sign is the appearance of twisted, blue or purple veins that are easily visible on the skin’s surface. But treat varicose veins can also cause discomfort, including aching, heaviness, swelling, and cramping in the affected areas, especially after long periods of standing or sitting.

In some cases, varicose veins can lead to more serious problems, such as ulcers, blood clots, or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice early to prevent complications. Many treatments are available to manage the condition and help you feel more comfortable.

How to Treat Varicose Veins: Conservative Approaches

For many people, conservative treatments can provide relief from the discomfort associated with varicose veins. These treatments are typically non-invasive and aim to improve circulation and reduce symptoms.

Compression stockings are one of the most widely recommended methods. These special stockings apply gentle pressure to your legs, helping blood flow more efficiently and reducing swelling. They can be purchased over-the-counter, but for the best fit and effectiveness, it’s often helpful to consult with a doctor.

Another helpful approach is lifestyle changes. Staying active, avoiding prolonged periods of sitting or standing, and elevating your legs can all improve circulation and ease the symptoms of varicose veins. Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight is crucial to reduce pressure on the veins and prevent further complications.

Minimally Invasive Treatments for Varicose Veins

If conservative measures don’t provide relief, minimally invasive treatments may be recommended. These procedures are often done in-office with little to no downtime.

One of the most popular methods is sclerotherapy, where a solution is injected into the affected vein. This causes the vein to collapse and gradually fade from view. It’s a quick procedure with a high success rate and is typically used for smaller varicose veins.

Endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) is another minimally invasive option. This treatment uses laser energy to seal off problematic veins. The heat from the laser causes the vein to collapse and eventually fade away. EVLT is ideal for larger veins and requires only local anesthesia, making it a safe and effective choice for many patients.

Surgical Treatment for Varicose Veins

In more severe cases, surgical treatment may be necessary. The most common surgery for varicose veins is vein stripping, in which the affected veins are surgically removed. While this procedure requires anesthesia and a longer recovery period, it is still a highly effective option for treating larger, more painful veins.

Additionally, ambulatory phlebectomy is a surgical technique used to remove smaller veins through tiny incisions. It is typically done on an outpatient basis and is less invasive than vein stripping, making it a popular choice for patients with localized varicose veins.

New Innovations in Treating Varicose Veins

The medical field is always evolving, and so are the treatments for varicose veins. One of the latest innovations is foam sclerotherapy, which uses a foam solution to treat larger veins. This method has proven effective in sealing off veins and can be particularly useful when treating veins in deeper layers of the leg.

Another emerging treatment is vascular surgery using ultrasound guidance, which allows doctors to treat veins with precision, improving the outcomes of minimally invasive procedures. This innovation allows for better mapping of the veins and more accurate targeting of the problem areas.